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The northernmost point of the east coast is the tropical-rainforested Cape York Peninsula.At the north-west corner of the continent are the sandstone cliffs and gorges of The Kimberley, and below that the Pilbara.Since the election of the Whitlam Government in 1972, is located in Western Australia.At 2,228 metres (7,310 ft), Mount Kosciuszko on the Great Dividing Range is the highest mountain on the Australian mainland.Colloquial names for Australia include "Oz" and "the Land Down Under" (usually shortened to just "Down Under").

These include the western plains of New South Wales, and the Einasleigh Uplands, Barkly Tableland, and Mulga Lands of inland Queensland.

Even taller are Mawson Peak (at 2,745 metres or 9,006 feet), on the remote Australian territory of Heard Island, and, in the Australian Antarctic Territory, Mount Mc Clintock and Mount Menzies, at 3,492 metres (11,457 ft) and 3,355 metres (11,007 ft) respectively.

Eastern Australia is marked by the Great Dividing Range, which runs parallel to the coast of Queensland, New South Wales and much of Victoria.

The population of 25 million Until the early 19th century, Australia was best known as "New Holland", a name first applied by the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman in 1644 (as Nieuw-Holland) and subsequently anglicised.

Terra Australis still saw occasional usage, such as in scientific texts.